Korean mythology offers a captivating glimpse into the Korean worldview, filled with tales of celestial beings, mythical creatures, and legendary heroes. Unlike the structured hierarchy of Greek and Roman gods, Korean deities are more diverse, encompassing nature, creation, and human concerns.
Korean creation myths vary by region and era. A common thread involves Hwanin, the god of heaven. In some versions, Hwanin creates Hwanung, the god of wind and clouds, who descends to earth with followers to build a utopia. Another myth features Sangje, the Heavenly Emperor, who creates Buddha and the future Buddha, Mireuk, who shape humanity from clay.
The Korean cosmos is believed to have three realms: celestial, earthly, and the underworld. The Heavenly King oversees the celestial realm, assisted by the Seven Stars, worshipped for good fortune and protection. The earthly realm is protected by Mountain Spirits, who ensure nature’s well-being and land fertility. Jacheongbi, the Goddess of Abundance, is another key deity associated with harvest and prosperity. The underworld, shrouded in mystery, is believed to be ruled by the King of the Underworld, who judges the deceased.
Korean folk religion emphasizes appeasing spirits and deities for a harmonious life. Homes are believed to be watched over by benevolent spirits like Jowangshin, the Kitchen God, who observes the household and reports deeds. Seongju, the tutelary god, protects the entire household and its residents.
Korean mythology is rich with fascinating creatures who blur the lines between gods and spirits. Dokkaebi are mischievous goblin-like creatures who enjoy pranks. Kumiho, the nine-tailed fox, is a shapeshifting creature with the power to seduce and deceive. Haetae, a lion-like creature with a benevolent spirit, often guards temples and palaces.
Korean mythology has been shaped by both Buddhism and Shamanism. Buddhist deities like Buddha and Bodhisattva have been integrated, while shamanistic practices of appeasing spirits and honoring ancestors remain important aspects of Korean folk religion.
